This file contains materials I created to teach programming. It is more or less a precursor to ΛV.
Since then, I have decided to replace the A for the upwards-pointing cursor with a capital lambda.
ΛV will also only have one of each condition and use ! to negate them.


Prerequisite:
```

 _______________
|               |
|               |
|               |
|               |
|               |
|               |
|               |
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

```
This needs to show up as a roughly square box.


1)
Let’s start out by familiarizing ourselves with what things look like:

Cursor:
`< A > V`
Wall/barrier:
`| _ ¯ #`
Goal:
`$`

```
 _______________
|   #     $#    |
|   # ######    |
|#### #         |
| >   #         |
|######         |
|               |
|               |
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
```
Available instructions:
step
left
right

Possible solution: step step step left step step step right step step step step step


2)
That’s quite simple. But it can get tedious really quickly:

```
 _______________
|V#$            |
| ############# |
| #           # |
| #           # |
| #           # |
| ############# |
|               |
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
```
Available instructions:
step
left
right
repeat<NUMBER>(INSTRUCTIONS)

Possible solution: repeat<6>(step) left repeat<14>(step) left repeat<6>(step) left repeat<12>(step)


3)
Same concept, different problem:
```
 _______________
|>##            |
|  ##           |
|#  ##          |
|##  ##         |
| ##  ##        |
|  ##  ##       |
|   ## $#       |
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
```
Avaliable instructions:
step
left
right
repeat<NUMBER>(INSTRUCTIONS)

Possible solution: repeat<6>(right step left step)


4)
Now in actual programming, running code repeatedly is a bit different.
Instead of running a set number of times, which is certainly possible but
not always desired, they usually run as long as a certain condition is met.
This is called a loop. The most basic form it is known as a "while loop".
```
 _______________
|               |
|               |
|############   |
|>         $#   |
|############   |
|               |
|               |
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
```
Available instructions:
step
left
right
while<CONDITION>(INSTRUCTIONS)

Available conditions:
facing wall
not facing wall

Possible solution: while<not facing wall>(step)


Additional practice:
```
 _______________
|    #$ #       |
|    ## #       |
|     # #       |
|     # #       |
|     # #       |
|     # #       |
|     #A#       |
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
```


5)
Let’s turn this up a notch (copy+paste is gonna be real handy for this one):
```
 _______________
|               |
| ############# |
| #$#         # |
| # #         # |
| # #         # |
| # ########### |
|A#             |
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
```
Available instructions:
step
left
right
while<CONDITION>(INSTRUCTIONS)

Available conditions:
facing wall
not facing wall

Possible solution: while<not facing wall>(step) right while<not facing wall>(step) right while<not facing wall>(step) right while<not facing wall>(step) right while<not facing wall>(step)


6)
Loops can also be nested inside other loops:
```
 _______________
|               |
| ############# |
| #           # |
| # ######### # |
| # #$        # |
| # ########### |
|A#             |
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
```
Available instructions:
step
left
right
while<CONDITION>(INSTRUCTIONS)

Available conditions:
facing wall
not facing wall
goal reached
goal not reached

Possible solution: while<goal not reached>(while<not facing wall>(step) right)


7)
We’ve already seen that conditions can be used to control loops. They can also be used to control if/else statements.

I am going to introduce a new item here:
`ó` apple
Pick up all the apples in the area.
You cannot use the "take" action when there is no apple to take.

```
 _______________
|               |
|               |
|     ##########|
|     #$ ó   ó <|
|     ##########|
|               |
|               |
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
```
Available instructions:
step
left
right
take
while<CONDITION>(INSTRUCTIONS)
if<CONDITION>(INSTRUCTIONS)
if<CONDITION>(INSTRUCTIONS) else(INSTRUCTIONS)

Available conditions:
facing wall
not facing wall
goal reached
goal not reached
on apple
not on apple

Possible solution: while<goal not reached>(if<on apple>(take) step)

8)
Let’s do the same but more:
```
 _______________
|ó             $|
|  ó        ó   |
|               |
|    ó          |
|          ó    |
|   ó       ó   |
|>      ó      ó|
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
```
Available instructions:
step
left
right
take
while<CONDITION>(INSTRUCTIONS)
if<CONDITION>(INSTRUCTIONS)
if<CONDITION>(INSTRUCTIONS) else(INSTRUCTIONS)

Available conditions:
facing wall
not facing wall
goal reached
goal not reached
on apple
not on apple
facing north
facing south
facing east
facing west

Possible solution: while<goal not reached>(if<on apple>(take) while<not facing wall>(step if<on apple>(take)) if<facing east>(left step left) else(right step right))